Category: Content policy

The South Centre

Post date March 1, 2022

Address: Chem. de Balexert 7-9, 1219 Genève, Switzerland

Established in 1995, the South Centre is an intergovernmental policy research think tank composed of and accountable to developing country member states. It conducts research on key policy development issues and supports developing countries to effectively participate in international negotiating processes that are relevant to the achievement of the sustainable development goals (SDGs). The South Centre promotes the unity of the Global South in such processes while recognising the diversity of national interests and priorities.

The South Centre works on a wide range of issues relevant to countries in the Global South and the global community in general, such as sustainable development, climate change, South-South co-operation, innovation and intellectual property, access to medicines, health, trade, investment agreements, international tax co-operation, human rights, and gender.

Within the limits of its capacity and mandate, the South Centre also responds to requests for policy advice and for technical and other support from its members and other developing countries.

The South Centre has observer status in a number of international organisations.

Digital Activities

Innovation and development are one of the issue areas that the South Centre works on. As part of its efforts within this domain, it focuses on information technologies. Moreover, digital issues are also tackled in the domain of, inter alia, taxation and the digital economy, data governance, e-commerce, and the 4th industrial revolution.

The South Centre has produced deliverables/research outputs in the following areas: digital and financial inclusion, digital economy, digital taxation, digital industrialisation, and digital trade, among others.

Digital policy issues

Sustainable development

The South Centre has delved into the interplay between digital technologies and development on several occasions through its research outputs. In 2006, it published an analytical note titled ‘Internet Governance for Development’. The document tackled the interplay between development and technology arguing that affordable access to the Internet allows for better education opportunities, greater access to information, improved private and public services, and stronger cultural diversity. More specifically, the document provided recommendations on issues such as openness (e.g. leaving the policy space open for developing countries), diversity (e.g. multilingualism), and security (e.g. funding of Computer Security Incident Response Teams (CSIRTs) in order to maximise the outcomes of discussions for developing countries at the Internet Governance Forum (IGF)).

A year later, the South Centre published the research paper ‘Towards a Digital Agenda for Developing Countries’, in which it looked into the conditions, rights, and freedoms necessary for developing countries to benefit from digital and Internet resources. By bringing together several different strands of ongoing discussions and analyses at the national and international levels, it aims to provide a direction for further research and policy analysis by laying the groundwork and creating awareness of the relevance and scope of digital and Internet content for policymakers in developing countries.

In 2020, the South Centre has continued to research the impact of digital technologies in the context of development. Its research paper ‘The Fourth Industrial Revolution in Developing Nations: Challenges and Roadmap’ tackles trends in emerging technologies such as big data, robotics, and Internet of things (IoT), and identifies challenges, namely, the lack of infrastructure, a trained and skilled workforce, scalability, and funding faced by developing countries. It then goes on to propose a strategic framework for responding to the 4th industrial revolution, which focuses on capacity building, technology incubations, scientific development, and policy-making.

In light of the ongoing global health pandemic, the South Centre as part of its publication series ‘SouthViews’, shared perspectives of developing countries on digital health. The article uses the example of the adoption of digital technologies in healthcare in Pakistan, and how the COVID-19 crisis advanced further the development of digital health.

E-commerce and trade

The digital economy is another issue researched by the South Centre in the context of development. For instance, in 2017 it published an analytical note ‘The WTO’s Discussions on Electronic Commerce’, in which it explored the stance of developing countries (i.e. readiness in terms of infrastructure, upskilling, etc.) to engage in cross-border e-commerce. Among other things, it highlighted challenges such as low information technology (IT) adoption, and the lack of electricity supply that limit the uptake of e-commerce activities in Africa for instance. In another analytical note published that same year, it tackled the impact of the digital economy on ‘Micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs)’, and looked into the type of e-commerce rules that could best serve the interests of MSMEs.

More recently, it addressed issues pertaining to regulation of the digital economy in developing countries, namely, the future of work, market dynamics, and data and privacy protection.

The South Centre also provides analyses and organised many meetings in early 2020 to discuss issues such as the World Trade Organization (WTO) E-Commerce Moratorium and the Joint Statement Initiative (JSI) plurilateral discussions on e-commerce.

In addition to publications, the South Centre organises events within this field such as a workshop on ‘E-commerce and Domestic Regulation’, a technical session on ‘South-South Digital Cooperation to Boost Trade Competitiveness’, and a high-level event on ‘South-South Digital Cooperation for Industrialization’.

The South Centre is also monitoring developments and participating in discussions in the field and across international organisations in Geneva, including the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) eTrade for All initiative.

Taxation

A South Centre policy brief sheds light on some of the implications for developing countries concerning the new international taxation global governance structure and the ongoing corporate tax reform process under the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the Inclusive Framework on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) Project umbrella in the context of the digitalisation of the economy. Policy responses undertaken are briefly summarised in a ‘SouthViews’ article and elaborated in detail in a research paper by the South Centre Tax Initiative (SCTI). The SCTI also submitted its comments on the OECD Secretariat’s Proposal for a “Unified Approach” under Pillar One and on the session paper relating to tax consequences of the digitalised economy and– issues of relevance for developing countries to be discussed at the 20th Session of the UN Committee of Experts on International Cooperation on Tax Matters.

Intellectual property rights

Intellectual property (IP) issues such as digital rights management and international legal frameworks for copyright in the digital age in the context of digital transformation have also been subject to South Centre research.

In June 2019, it published a policy brief on ‘Intellectual Property and Electronic Commerce: Proposals in the WTO and Policy Implications for Developing Countries’, in which it gave an overview of discussions within the WTO on IP and its potential implications for the digital economy.

Artificial intelligence (AI) was also tackled through the lens of IP. In an input on the draft issues paper on IP policy and AI submitted to the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), the South Centre provides a number of recommendations which, among other things, underscore that particularities of AI and IP policy in developing countries and capacity building, including South-South dynamics that should be tackled in the final draft of the issues paper.

In September 2020, the South Centre also published a research paper entitled ‘Data in legal limbo: Ownership, sovereignty, or a digital public goods regime?’.

Digital Tools

A Public Health Approach to Intellectual Property Rights’: a virtual help desk on the use of Trade-related aspects of Intellectual property Rights (TRIPS) flexibilities for public health purposes A Public Health Approach to Intellectual Property Rights’: a virtual help desk on the use of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) flexibilities for public health purposes https://ipaccessmeds.southcentre.int/

South Centre Tax Initiative: https://taxinitiative.southcentre.int/

Social Media: Twitter: @South_Centre ; YouTube: SouthCentre GVA; Flickr: South Centre; LinkedIn

The South Centre has a general and specific e-mailing lists.

Future of Meetings

Any reference to online or remote meetings?

In light of the COVID-19 global pandemic, the South Centre has increasingly used Zoom and Microsoft Teams for online meetings and webinars.

The South Centre organised a webinar on ‘The COVID-19 Pandemic: Intellectual Property Management for Access to Diagnostics, Medicines and Vaccines’ and a series of webinars on COVID-19 and development, which are as follows:

Energy for sustainable development in Africa in the post-COVID world – looking for the ‘New Normal’

Webinar 1: COVID-19 impact actions across Africa. First-hand information from policymakers and leading experts

Energy for sustainable development in Africa in the post-COVID world – looking for the ‘New Normal’

Webinar 2: Sustainable Energy for Africa: transition through growth. How to boost output, improve access and reduce impact on the nature and society? Technologies, scenarios, strategies, sources of finance and business models.

The South Centre also organised a webinar titled ‘Reflexiones sobre la Judicialización de la Salud en America Latina’.

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Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: Function addslashes_gpc is deprecated since version 7.0.0! Use wp_slash() instead. in /var/www/html/wp.giplatform.org/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

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Kofi Annan Foundation

Post date March 1, 2022

Address: Rue de Varembé 09-11, 1202 Genève, Switzerland

Website: https://kofiannanfoundation.org

Stakeholder group: NGOs and associations

The Kofi Annan Foundation was established in 2007 by Kofi Annan, former Secretary-General of the UN, to mobilise political will to overcome threats to peace, development problems, and issues related to human rights.

The Foundation’s Strategic Framework for 2020-2024 describes its mission as ‘helping build peaceful, democratic, and resilient societies’. Its four strategic objectives are:

To strengthen democracy and elections, because popular legitimacy provides the basis for democratic governance, accountability, and respect for human rights and the rule of law;
To facilitate youth engagement and ensure that young people’s voices are heard because they are active agents of change and must be given the opportunity to shape the world they will inherit;
To enhance transitions to peace, promote reconciliation, and build trust and cohesion within societies, because it strengthens their ability to withstand future political, economic, social, or environmental shocks; and
To raise awareness of Kofi Annan’s values and actions, and promote his core belief that structured international co-operation is key to solving challenges in today’s interconnected world.

Digital Activities

The Kofi Annan Foundation addresses digitalisation within the scope of transitions to peace, as well as elections and democracy, in the follow-up to the Kofi Annan Commission on Elections and Democracy in the Digital Age.

Digital policy issues

Human rights principles

In order to pursue its work in the area of transitions to peace, the Kofi Annan Foundation is partnering in 2020 with United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) in a ‘Building peace online’ project. The objective of this initiative is to develop a new digital platform that will contribute to strengthening the capacity of the peace-building and mediation community when it comes to truth-seeking, reconciliation and ensuring accountability for crimes committed during conflict. The Foundation will therefore share its extensive research findings on peace and transitional justice, whereas UNITAR will contribute with its experience in designing and delivering online training.

In regard to its activities on elections and democracy, the Foundation’s digital work is based on the findings of the Kofi Annan Commission on Elections and Democracy in the Digital Age. The Commission was first established in 2018 and was composed of members from civil society and government, the technology sector, academia, and the media. The objectives of the Commission were to: Identify and frame the challenges to electoral integrity arising from the global spread of digital technologies and social media platforms; develop policy measures to tackle these challenges and highlight the opportunities that technological change offers for strengthening electoral integrity and political participation; and define and articulate a programme of advocacy to ensure that the key messages emerging from the Commission were widely diffused and debated around the world.

In addition to articles that deal with issues such as the interplay between democracy and the Internet, the impact of digital on elections and democracy in West Africa, and the digital dangers to democracy, the Commission published an extensive report in 2020 titled ‘Protecting electoral integrity in the digital age’. It addresses, among other things, hate speech, disinformation, online political advertising, and foreign interference in elections. The report proposes a set of 13 recommendations that address capacity-building, norm-building, and actions to be taken by public authorities and social media platforms. The Foundation is now working to implement certain recommendations, in co-operation with a number of key stakeholders, including digital actors.

Future of meetings

Any reference to online or remote meetings?

Yes, the Kofi Annan Foundation organises webinars on a variety of topics, including on the impact of COVID-19 on democracy and elections in various regions of the world, on youth resilience during the pandemic, and on violence against women in politics .

Any reference to deliberation or decision making online?

The Foundation has held its two more recent Board meetings online, with decisions on programmatic and resource matters taken by members participating remotely.

World Economic Forum

Post date March 1, 2022

Acronym: WEF

Address: Route de la Capite, 1223 Cologny, Switzerland

Website: https://weforum.org

The World Economic Forum (WEF) is a not-for-profit foundation whose membership is composed of large corporations from around the world.

The WEF engages political, business, academic, and other leaders of society in collaborative efforts to shape global, regional, and industry agendas. Together with other stakeholders, it works to define challenges, solutions, and actions in the spirit of global citizenship. It also serves and builds sustained communities through an integrated concept of high-level meetings, research networks, task forces, and digital collaboration.

Digital Activities

The fourth industrial revolution is one of the WEF’s key areas of work. Under this focus, it carries out a wide range of activities covering digital policy issues, from telecom infrastructure and cybersecurity to the digital economy and the future of work. It has set up multiple platforms and global fora focused on bringing together various stakeholders and initiatives to advance debates and foster co-operation on the issues explored. It also publishes reports, studies, and white papers on its focus areas, and features discussions on the policy implications of digital technologies in the framework of its annual meeting in Davos and other events organised around the world.

Digital policy issues

Telecommunications infrastructure

The WEF’s work in the area of telecom infrastructure is broadly dedicated to shedding light on the need to advance connectivity and evolve towards new network technologies as a way to support the transition to the fourth industrial revolution. Initiatives in this area include the Global Future Council of New Network Technologies, dedicated, among others, to exploring incentives for network development, and the EDISON Initiative (Essential Digital Infrastructure & Services Network), aimed at developing strategies to achieve 75% broadband penetration before 2025. A specific focus area for the WEF is 5G: It has identified 5G as an issue of global importance and works on analysing the impacts of 5G on industry and society. The new mobile network is tackled under initiatives such as the WEF Platform on Internet of Things, Robotics and 5G, and the 5G Global Accelerator. In its report titled The Impact of 5G: Creating New Value Across Industries and Society, the WEF notes that 5G will be critical because it will enable unprecedented levels of connectivity, allowing for superfast broadband, ultra-reliable low latency communication, massive machine-type communications, and high reliability/availability and efficient energy usage, all of which will transform many sectors, such as manufacturing, transportation, public services, and health.

Artificial intelligence;

The WEF is carrying out multiple activities in the field of artificial intelligence (AI). The WEF Platform on AI and Machine Learning brings together actors from public and private sectors to co-design and test policy frameworks that accelerate the benefits and mitigate the risks of AI. Project areas include standards for protecting children, creating an ‘AI regulator for the twenty-first century’, and addressing the challenges of facial recognition technology. In addition, the WEF created a Global AI Council to address governance gaps and to provide policy guidance under its Center for the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The WEF explores issues related to AI safety, security, and standards; AI ethics and values; and machine learning and predictive systems in relation to global risks and international security. The WEF extensively publishes articles on the need to build a new social contract to ensure that technological innovation, in particular AI, is deployed safely and aligned with the ethical needs of a globalising world. It is also assisting policymakers in devising appropriate AI-related policies. For instance, it published a Framework for Developing a National Artificial Intelligence Strategy to guide governments in their efforts to elaborate strategies for the development and deployment of AI. In recent years, AI and its impact on national and international policy spaces have featured highly on the agenda of the WEF’s annual meetings in Davos.

A Framework for Responsible Limits on Facial Recognition Use Case: Flow Management (2020)
Transforming Paradigms: A Global AI in Financial Services Survey (2020)
AI Procurement in a Box (2020)
Framework for Developing a National Artificial Intelligence Strategy (2019)
AI Governance: A Holistic Approach to Implement Ethics into AI (2019)
Navigating Uncharted Waters: A roadmap to responsible innovation with AI in financial services (2019)
WEF Platform for Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning. Multiple projects are run within the platforms; examples include:
Global AI Council
Center for the Fourth Industrial Revolution

Blockchain and cryptocurrencies

The WEF Platform for Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLT) works to advance a systemic and inclusive approach to governing DLT, to ensure that everyone can benefit from these technologies. The WEF works on governance issues related to the equity, interoperability, security, transparency, and trust of DLT. It also analyses the relationship between blockchain and cybersecurity and international security, as well as the future of computing. It publishes papers on issues such as the challenges blockchain faces and its role in security. In addition, the WEF has created a Global Blockchain Council to address governance gaps and to provide policy guidance under its Center for the Fourth Industrial Revolution.

The WEF is also active on issues related to digital currencies and their policy implications. In January 2020, it created a Global Consortium for Digital Currency Governance to work on designing a framework for the governance of digital currencies, including stablecoins. It aims to facilitate access to the financial system through inclusive and innovative policy solutions. Along with the launch of the consortium, the WEF published a Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) Policy-Makers Toolkit, intended to serve as a possible framework to ensure that the deployment of CBDCs takes into account potential costs and benefits.

Exploring Blockchain Technology for Government Transparency: Blockchain-Based Public Procurement to reduce Corruption (2020)
Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) Policy-Makers Toolkit (2020)
Inclusive Deployment of Blockchain for Supply Chains: Parts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 (2019 – 2020)
WEF Platform for Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technologies
Examples of projects under this platform include:
Central Banks in the Age of Blockchain
Redesigning Trust: Blockchain for Supply Chains
Global Blockchain Council
Global Consortium for Digital Currency Governance

Internet of things

The WEF Platform on Internet of Things, Robotics and 5G works with key players from the public and private sectors to accelerate the impact of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, build trust in consumer IoT, unlock the shared value of IoT data, enable an inclusive roll-out of 5G and next-generation connectivity, and promote the responsible adoption of smart city technologies. Specifically, the WEF analyses questions of IoT and data ownership, infrastructure security, and the vulnerability of IoT to cyber-attacks. In co-operation with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), the WEF published a report on Realizing the Internet of Things – a Framework for Collective Action outlining five pillars for the development of IoT: architecture and standards, security and privacy, shared value creation, organisational development, and ecosystem governance. WEF also created three Global Councils related to IoT to address governance gaps and to provide policy guidance: Global Internet of Things Council, Global Drones and Aerial Mobility Council, and Global Autonomous and Urban Mobility Council.

Emerging technologies

Virtual/augmented reality. The WEF is expanding and streamlining its work on virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) by creating the Global Future Council on Virtual and Augmented Reality, which will explore and raise awareness of the positive and negative aspects of the widespread adoption of VR/AR technologies. The WEF carries out policy research and analysis related to the impact of VR/AR on the society and its security implications in publications such as the ‘Virtual Reality Discovery’ and the ‘Industry review boards are needed to protect VR user privacy’.

Quantum computing. The WEF has created the Global Future Council on Quantum Computing, through which it intends to explore computing-related trends, including new foundational technologies and techniques for centralised and distributed processing. The forum also publishes regularly on the relationship between quantum computing and cybersecurity.

Robotics. Robotics is part of the WEF agenda under the Platform on Internet of Things, Robotics and 5G. The WEF analyses the impacts of advances in robotics in particular within the AI and IoT context. It works on co-designing, piloting, and scaling up the next generation of policies and protocols related to robotics. The WEF regularly publishes on issues such as the merging of human and machine approaches to cybersecurity and the role of robotics in warfare, and potential rules for future AI and robotics.The WEF has also created three global councils related to robotics to address governance gaps and to provide policy guidance: Global Internet of Things Council, Global Drones and Aerial Mobility Council, and Global Autonomous and Urban Mobility Council.

Data governance

The WEF has established a Platform for Data Policy dedicated to maximising data use to benefit society while protecting users from risks associated with the data economy. Within this platform, the Building a Roadmap for Cross Border Data Flows project aims to support the development of cohesive policy frameworks and cross-border governance protocols, which ‘can accelerate societal benefits and minimise adverse risks of data flows’. The WEF regularly publishes reports on data governance issues such as restoring trust in data, cross-border data flows, data protection and security, among others.

E-commerce and trade

Several activities and projects run by the WEF focus on e-commerce and broader digital economy-related issues. Under its Digital Trade initiative (part of its Shaping the Future of Trade and Global Economic Interdependence Platform), the WEF has proposed a set of digital economy policy proposals aimed at, among others, defining best practices for cross-border data flows and stimulating progress on e-commerce best practices. E-commerce is also tackled in studies, white papers, and events produced by the WEF, which address issues such as: e-commerce in emerging markets, the impact of e-commerce on prices, and digital currencies. The WEF has also established a Platform for Shaping the Future of Digital Economy and New Value Creation, aimed to ‘help companies leverage technology to be agile in the face of disruption and to create the new digitally enabled business models.’ Under the Platform for Shaping the Future of the New Economy and Society, the WEF brings together various stakeholders to promote new approaches to competitiveness in the digital economy, with a focus on issues such as education and skills, equality and inclusion, and improved economic opportunities for people.

Future of work

Future of work is a topic that spans across multiple WEF activities. For instance, under the Platform for Shaping the Future of the New Economy and Society, several projects are run that focus on issues such as education, skills, upskilling and reskilling, and equality and inclusion in the world of work. The WEF has also launched a Reskilling Revolution Platform, aimed to contribute to providing better jobs, education, and skills to 1 billion people over a 10-year period. Initiatives under this platform include: Closing the Skills Gap Accelerators, Preparing for the Future of Work Industry Accelerators, the Promise of Platform Work, and Education 4.0, which are dedicated to ‘creating and piloting replicable models for action at the national, industry, organisational, and school levels.’

The Charter of Principles for Good Platform Work (2020) & The Promise of Platform Work: Understanding the Ecosystem (2020)
Jobs of Tomorrow: Mapping Opportunities in the New Economy (2020)
Schools of the Future: Defining New Models of Education for the Fourth Industrial Revolution (2020)
Towards a Reskilling Revolution: Industry-led Action for the Future of Work (2019)
Strategies for the New Economy: Skills as the Currency of the Labour Market (2019)
Eight Futures of Work: Scenarios and their Implications (2018)
Platform for Shaping the Future of the New Economy and Society. Examples of projects under this platform include:
- Preparing for the Future of Work
- Reskilling Revolution Platform

Cybercrime

Under its Shaping the Future of Cybersecurity and Digital Trust Platform, the WEF runs the Partnership against Cybercrime project, focused on developing recommendations and frameworks to enhance co-operation in cybercrime investigations between law enforcement agencies, international organisations, cybersecurity companies, and other actors. In addition, the Future Series: Cybercrime 2025 programme has been put in place to understand how new technologies will change the cybersecurity and cybercrime landscape and how to address related challenges. Another important WEF project is the High Volume Cybercrime initiative, which explores ways in which Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and governments can take action to reduce the harm from high volume cyber-attacks. Cybercrime also constitutes the focus

World Intellectual Property Organization

Post date March 1, 2022

Acronym: WIPO

Address: 34, chemin des Colombettes, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland

Website: https://wipo.int

Stakeholder group: International and regional organisations

The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) is a UN agency functioning as a global forum for intellectual property (IP) related services (patents, copyright, trademarks, and designs), policy, information, and co-operation. The organisation was established in 1967 and it currently has 188 member states, in addition to over 200 observers representing non-governmental organisations and intergovernmental organisations.

WIPO’s activities are focused on: Contributing to the development of a balanced and effective international IP system; providing global services to protect IP at a global level and to resolve disputes; sharing of knowledge and information on IP-related issues; and encouraging co-operation and offering capacity building programmes aimed to enable countries to use IP for economic, social, and cultural development.

Digital Activities

WIPO provides domain name dispute resolution services, through its Arbitration and Mediation Center. In this regard, the organisation has developed (in collaboration with the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)) the Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP) – the main domain name dispute resolution mechanism for conflicts on the right to register and use domain names under certain generic top level domains (gTLDs). The Center also administers disputes under a number of specific policies adopted by individual gTLD registries and provides domain name dispute resolution services for over 70 country code top level domains (ccTLDs).

The organisation administers the WIPO Copyright Treaty and the WIPO Performances and Phonogram Treaty (known as the ‘Internet Treaties’), which contain international norms aimed at preventing unauthorised access to and use of creative works on the Internet or other digital networks. It also carries out research and provides recommendations on issues related to the protection of intellectual property rights in the digital environment (especially with regards to copyright and trademarks).

Digital policy issues

Artificial intelligence

WIPO is paying particular attention to the interplay between artificial intelligence (AI) and IP. In December 2019, it published a draft issue paper on AI and IP, which was later revised based on public comments and re-published in May 2020. The paper explores the (potential) impact of AI on IP policies in areas such as copyright and related rights, patents, trademarks, designs, and overall IP administration. Building on this exploratory work, WIPO is leading a Conversation on IP and AI, bringing together governments and other stakeholders, to discuss the impact of AI on IP. WIPO is also working on an AI and IP strategy clearing house, through which it is collating government instruments (strategies, regulations, etc.) that are relevant to AI and IP. The organisation is additionally developing and deploying AI solutions in the context of various activities; relevant examples are the WIPO Translate and WIPO Brand Image Search, which use AI for automated translation and image recognition.

Revised Issue Paper on Intellectual Property Policy and Artificial Intelligence (2020)
Conversation on Intellectual Property and Artificial Intelligence
AI and IP strategy clearing house
UN Secretary General’s High-level Panel on Digital Cooperation follow-up process | WIPO is contributing to the roundtables about AI and digital platforms
Takes part in the Road to Bern via Geneva dialogues on digital and data co-operation
Co-operates with the ITU in the AI for Good initiative
Supports UNESCO’s work on developing the first global normative instrument on the ethics of AI

Alternative dispute resolution

WIPO’s activities in regard to the Domain Name System revolve around the protection of trademarks and related rights in the context of domain names. It has developed, together with ICANN, the UDRP. Under this policy, WIPO’s Arbitration and Mediation Centre provides dispute resolution services for second level domain name registrations under gTLDs to which the UDPR applies. The Arbitration and Mediation Centre also administers disputes under specific policies adopted by some gTLD registries (e.g. .aero, .asia, .travel). In addition, the Centre offers domain name dispute resolution services for over 70 country code top-level domains (ccTLDs). WIPO has developed a ccTLD Program, with the aim to provide advice to many ccTLD registries on the establishment of dispute resolution procedures. WIPO also contributes to the work carried out within the framework of ICANN in regard to the strengthening of existing trademark rights protection mechanisms or the development of new such mechanisms.

Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP)
UDRP Procedures for Generic Top Level Domains
WIPO Guide to the Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy
Guide to WIPO’s services for country code top-level domain registries
WIPO’s Arbitration and Mediation Centre
WIPO Online Case Administration Tools, including WIPO eADR (allowing parties in a dispute, mediators, arbitrators, and experts in a WIPO case to securely submit communications electronically into an online docket) and online facilities for meetings and hearings as part of WIPO cases

Intellectual property rights

Trademarks: WIPO has long been involved in issues related to the protection of trademarks in the context of the Domain Name System. The first phase of the WIPO Internet Domain Name Process, carried out in 1991, explored trademark abuse in second-level domain names, and led to the adoption, by ICANN, of the UDRP. WIPO has also contributed to the development of several trademark rights protection mechanisms applicable to generic top-level domains (such as legal rights objections, the Trademark Clearinghouse, and the uniform rapid suspension system). The WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Centre administers trademark-related dispute resolution cases for several gTLDs and ccTLDs.

Copyright: WIPO is actively contributing to international discussions on the protection of copyright in the digital environment. The organisation administers the ‘Internet Treaties’, which contain international norms aimed at preventing unauthorised access to and use of creative works on the Internet or other digital networks. Among others, the treaties clarify that existing IP rights apply on the Internet, but also introduce new ‘online rights’. WIPO also carries out research and organises seminars and other meetings on aspects concerning challenges and possible solutions for the protection of copyright and related rights in the digital era.

Liability of intermediaries

Given WIPO’s concerns with regard to the protection of copyright and related rights on the Internet, the organisation is exploring issues related to the roles and responsibilities of Internet intermediaries when it comes to online copyright infringements. The organisation carries out or commissions research and publishes studies on the relationship between copyright and Internet intermediaries (such as comparative analysis of national approaches of the liability of Internet intermediaries), and organises events (seminars, workshops, sessions at the World Summit on the Information Society Forum and Internet Governance Forum meetings, etc.) aimed at facilitating multistakeholder discussions on the potential liability of Internet intermediaries in relation to copyright infringements.

Role and Responsibility of the Internet Intermediaries in the Field of Copyright
Comparative Analysis of National Approaches of the Liability of the Internet Intermediaries (I and II)

Sustainable development

WIPO is of the view that IP is a critical incentive for innovation and creativity, and, as such, a key to the success of the sustainable development goals (SDGs). The organisation works to enable member states to use the IP system to drive the innovation, competitiveness, and creativity needed to achieve the SDGs. It does so, for instance, through supporting countries in their efforts to build an innovative IP ecosystem, providing legislative advice on updating national IP laws, and supporting judiciary systems in keeping up with technological innovation. WIPO’s contribution to the implementation of the Agenda 2030 is guided by its Development Agenda.

WIPO and the Sustainable Development Goals – Innovation Driving Human Progress (brochure)
Report on WIPO’s Contribution to the Implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals and its Associated Targets (2019)
WIPO GREEN – online marketplace for sustainable technologies

Climate change

WIPO’s Global Challenges programme brings together various stakeholders to explore issues related to green technologies and the environment. For instance, it hosts WIPO Green, a multistakeholder platform aimed to promote innovation and diffusion of green technologies, and it provides analysis of relevant IP issues to facilitate international policy dialogue.

Innovation and Diffusion of Green Technologies: The Role of Intellectual Property and Other Enabling Factors (2015)

Digital tools

WIPO is using multiple digital tools in relation to its services. Below are some examples:

WIPO IP Portal – one-top shop for WIPO’s IP services
WIPO Online Case Administration Tools, including WIPO eADR (allowing parties in a dispute, mediators, arbitrators, and experts in a WIPO case to securely submit communications electronically into an online docket) and online facilities for meetings and hearings as part of WIPO cases
WIPO GREEN – online marketplace for sustainable technologies
WIPO Match – platform that matches seekers of specific IP-related development needs with potential providers offering resources
WIPO Proof – a service that provides a date- and time-stamped digital fingerprint of any file
Madrid e-services – online tools and resources
Electronic Forum – enables the electronic distribution and submission by email of comments concerning preliminary draft working documents and draft reports.
WIPO Academy, which also includes an eLearning Centre
Platforms for online meetings (not so clear which platform(s) WIPO is using)

Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies

Post date March 1, 2022

Address: Maison de la paix, Chemin Eugène-Rigot 2A CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland

Website: https://graduateinstitute.ch

The Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies is an institution of research and higher education at the postgraduate level dedicated to the study of world affairs, with a particular emphasis on the cross-cutting fields of international relations and development issues.

Through its core activities, the Institute aims to promote international co-operation and contribute to the progress of developing societies. More broadly, it endeavours to develop creative thinking on the major challenges of our time, foster global responsibility and advance respect for diversity.

By intensely engaging with international organisations, non-governmental organisations, governments and multinational companies, the Institute participates in global discussions and prepares future policymakers to lead tomorrow’s world.

Digital Activities

As part of its main strategy, the Institute seeks to develop digitally-driven innovation in teaching and research, as well as information technology (IT) services. At the same time, as a research institution focusing on global challenges and their impacts, digitalisation has become one of its fundamental and policy-oriented research areas.

Over the years, the Institute has developed a performing IT infrastructure with secured data storage space and digital platforms (e.g. Campus, Moodle, TurntIn, Zoom, MyHR, Salesforces, Converis, etc.) to provide seamless services as well as dematerialised/paperless processes (e.g. student applications, course registration, etc.) for students, staff, and professors.

Various publications address topics related to digitalisation and its impact, such as big data, robotics, crypto mining, terrorism and social media, data in international trade and trade law, Internet governance, digital health, microfinance and Fintech, smart cities, etc.

The Institute also organises workshops, seminars, film screenings, and other events that cover Internet-related issues, ranging from the digital divide and the governance and regulatory aspects of data to cybersecurity.

Digital policy issue

Capacity development

The Institute provides a multidisciplinary perspective on international governance, including research and teaching on Internet governance, digital trade, and artificial intelligence (AI).

In terms of teaching, its Master, PhD, and executive education courses are increasingly focused on the effects of digitalisation on society and the economy, and more generally the global system. Some examples of courses are ‘Internet Governance and Economics’, ‘Internet Governance: the Role of International Law, Cybersecurity and Virtual Insecurity’, ‘Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Work’, ‘Technology and Development’, and ‘Big Data Analysis’. Digital skills workshops are also organised for students to provide them with basic digital competence for their future professional or academic life (e.g. big data analysis, digital communication strategy, introduction to programming with Python, data analysis in various contexts, etc.)

In terms of research, a growing number of researchers and PhD candidates analyse the impact of digitalisation on international relations and development issues. A few examples of research topics are Internet and AI governance, digitalisation of trade, fintech, AI and humanitarian law, regulatory aspects of data, digital inclusion, and open government data. Some of the prominent research initiatives are listed under respective digital policy issues sections below.

The Institute also supports professors in developing pedagogical skills and in using digital tools. Workshops are offered to all faculty members at the end of the summer to prepare them for hybrid teaching and the use of new technological tools in the classroom.

Artificial intelligence

The Institute hosts the new Digital Health and AI Research Collaborative (I-DAIR) directed by former Ambassador of India and Visiting Lecturer at the Institute Amandeep Gill. I-DAIR aims to create a platform to promote responsible and inclusive AI research and digital technology development for health. This platform is supported by the Geneva Science and Diplomacy Anticipator (GESDA).

The faculty also carries out a number of digital policy-related research projects, some of which focus on AI in particular. For example, the project titled ‘Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems (LAWS) and War Crimes: Who is to Bear Responsibility?’ aims to clarify whether and to what extent the requirements for ascribing criminal responsibility for the commission of an act – and in particular the key concepts of culpability theories – can be applied to the use of LAWS in combat operations. This analysis will serve to identify lacunae and inconsistencies in the current legal framework in the face of the advent of military robotics.

Sustainable development

A number of projects carried out by the Institute’s members aim to address the relation between digital technologies and sustainable development. For instance, the ‘Modelling Early Risk Indicators to Anticipate Malnutrition’ (MERIAM) project uses computer models to test and scale up cost-effective means to improve the prediction and monitoring of undernutrition in difficult contexts.

The project ‘Governing health futures 2030: growing up in a digital world’, hosted at the Global Health Centre, explores how to ensure that digital development helps improve the health and well-being of all, and especially among children and young people. It focuses on examining integrative policies for digital health, AI, and universal health coverage to support the attainment of the third sustainable development goal.

Focusing on the Global South, the project ‘African Futures: Digital Labor and Blockchain Technology’ strengthens empirical knowledge on changing trends in employment in the region by way of a two-pronged approach to the increasingly interconnected global division of labor: i) App-based work mediated by online service platforms and ii) the use of blockchain technology in mining sites for ethical sourcing, traceability, and proof of origin.

Inclusive finance

Projects carried out by the Institute’s members also address the role of digital technologies in enhancing financial inclusion. The project ‘Effects of Digital Economy on Banking and Finance’ studies digital innovations and how fintech extends financial services to firms and households and improves credit allocation using loan-account level data comparing the fintech and traditional banking.

Online education

The Institute has developed digital tools (e.g. app for students, responsive website) and used digital services (e.g. social media, Facebook, Google ads, etc.) for many years in its student recruitment and communication campaigns. Digital tools are also part of the pedagogical methods to improve learning. Flipped classrooms, MOOCs, SPOCs, and podcasts, to name a few, are used by professors in master and PhD programmes, as well as in executive education.

Thanks to the above developments, the Institute was able to respond quickly and effectively to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020. In a week, the Institute moved to distance working and online teaching.

Digital tools

Digital collections that allow free access to historical documents, texts, and photographs on international relations from the 16th to 20th century;
Two free online courses (MOOC) on globalisation and global governance.
Podcasts showcasing professors and guests’ expertise (What Matters Today, In Conversation With, Parlons en).
Podcasts are also integrated into the curricula of several international history and interdisciplinary master courses to encourage students to use social network platforms to popularise their findings.

Future of Meetings

Any reference to online or remote meetings?

Events, sessions, and seminars are held online (usually in Zoom), e.g. information sessions for admitted and prospective students are taking place online.

United Nations Human Rights Council

Post date March 1, 2022

Acronym: UNHRC

Address: Palais Wilson 52, rue des Pâquis, CH-1201 Geneva, Switzerland

Website: https://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/Pages/HRCIndex.aspx

Stakeholder group: International and regional organisations

The Human Rights Council is a United Nations intergovernmental body whose mandate is to strengthen the promotion and protection of human rights around the globe, and to make recommendations on cases of human rights violations. The Council is made up of 47 member states, as elected by the UN General Assembly.

The Council works closely with the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), headed by the High Commissioner for Human Rights, who is the principal human rights official of the United Nation.

Freedom of expression and privacy in the online space are two of the issues covered by the Council in its activities. These have been discussed at UNHRC sessions, and covered in resolutions adopted by the Council, as well as in reports elaborated by the special rapporteurs appointed by the Council. The Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression has issued reports on issues such as: the use of encryption and anonymity to exercise the rights to freedom of opinion and expression in the digital age; states’ surveillance of communications on the exercise of the human rights to privacy and to freedom of opinion and expression; the right to freedom of opinion and expression exercised through the Internet; etc. The Special Rapporteur on the righ to privacy has within its mandate the responsibility to make recommendations for the promotion and protection of the right to privacy, including in connection with challenges arising from new technologies.

Internet Governance Forum

Post date March 1, 2022

Acronym: IGF

Address: Villa Bocage Palais des Nations, CH-1211 Geneva 10 Switzerland

Website: https://intgovforum.org

Stakeholder group: International and regional organisations

The Internet Governance Forum (IGF) was established in Paragraph 72 of the Tunis Agenda of the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) as a forum for multistakeholder policy dialogue. The mandate of the Forum is to discuss public policy issues related to key elements of Internet governance, in order to foster the sustainability, robustness, security, stability, and development of the Internet. Even though the IGF is not a decision-making body, its great potential lies in open discussions among all stakeholders on challenges and best practices related to the use and evolution of the Internet.

Starting 2006, the IGF holds annual meetings: Athens (2006), Rio de Janeiro (2007), Hyderabad (2008), Sharm El Sheikh (2009), Vilnius (2010), Nairobi (2011), Baku (2012), Bali (2013), Istanbul (2014), João Pessoa (2015), Guadalajara (2016). The programme of the annual meeting and the general direction of the IGF work are deliberated by the Multistakeholder Advisory Group (MAG) to the UN Secretary General.

The IGF Secretariat, currently based at the United Nations Office at Geneva, conducts the preparations for the annual IGF meetings, coordinates the IGF intersessional activities (between two annual meetings), and assists the MAG in its work.

European Broadcasting Union

Post date March 1, 2022

Acronym: EBU

Address: L'Ancienne-Route 17A, Postal Box 45, 1218 Le Grand-Saconnex / Geneva, Switzerland

Website: https://ebu.ch

Stakeholder group: International and regional organisations

The European Broadcasting Union (EBU) is the world’s leading alliance of public service media. Established in 1950, the organisation is a successor to the International Broadcasting Union (IBU), which was founded in 1925. The EBU consists of 116 member organisations from 56 countries and its aim is to secure a sustainable future for public service media and help them keep up with technological developments. The organisation operates the Eurovision and Euroradio services

Digital Activities

The EBU supports digital transformation among its members through capacity development, promoting and making use of digital channels, raising awareness of cybersecurity risks, and leveraging the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) and data. Through its Digital Transformation Initiative, the EBU aims to help its members understand the challenges and opportunities posed by the digital age and transform their organisations accordingly.

Digital policy issues

Telecommunications infrastructure

In addition to traditional broadcasting networks – terrestrial, cable, or satellite – media service providers are starting to use content delivery networks (CDNs) to ensure an increased quality of experience (QoE) for their users. In this context, the EBU has set up a Project Group to investigate requirements for a multi-CDN environment (a technical infrastructure able to switch between different connected CDNs dynamically). This Project Group is also looking into the use of big data analytics to monitor QoE. In addition, the EBU maintains its Strategic Programme on Spectrum Management and Regulation, which is focused on helping members work together to ensure that the radio spectrum is efficiently managed and used.

Following the COVID-19 outbreak, the EBU issued a recommendation to help public service media organisations avoid potential internet congestion caused by greater media consumption and by increased reliance on online collaboration tools.

Digital standards

Since its inception in 1950, the EBU has been mandated by its members to contribute to standardisation work in all technological fields related to media. This work ranges from TV and radio production equipment to the new broadcasting standards for transmission. This mandate has been naturally extended over the years to the field of mobile technologies, as well as online production and distribution.

The current digital video standard (DVB) and digital radio standards (DAB, DNS) have all been tested by and agreed upon within the EBU by the broadcasting community, before being exported to other standardization bodies (such as the ITU, ETSI, IEEE, etc.).

The EBU has led the development of hybrid radio technologies such as RadioDNS, which is designed for EBU broadcasters to start testing and experimenting without having to deploy the necessary infrastructure themselves.

The organisation has included mobile technologies and standards among the priorities of its Strategic Programme on Future Distribution Strategies and has set up a Mobile Technologies and Standards Group, which ‘seeks to build technical competence within the EBU community in the domain of the current and future mobile technologies, including 4G/LTE and 5G.’ The group undertakes technical studies of 4G and 5G and their standardisation roadmaps, and formulates and co-ordinates EBU positions on mobile standardisation issues.

In 2019, the EBU launched a 5MAG group which brings together different actors to foster the development and deployment of technologies of strategic importance to the media industry.

Artificial intelligence

In 2015, the EBU launched its AI and Data Initiative aimed at helping its members leverage the potential of AI and data. The EBU’s AI and Data Group defines the strategy and priorities of the AI and Data Initiative to support members’ data usage and data-driven strategies.

In 2019, the EBU news department published its first report on best practices for AI applications in the field of journalism. The report is publicly available and aims to help improve AI-based solutions in order to serve the public interest and respect human rights.

One of best examples of the EBU’s use of AI is its PEACH (Personalization for EACH) initiative, which has brought together a number of public broadcasters to develop AI-powered tools to deliver the right content to the right audience in accordance with current data protection regulations.

Network neutrality

The EBU’s work in the field of net neutrality focuses on assisting its members in co-ordinating their positions on broadband network neutrality. To this end, it provides expertise and facilitates initiatives and the drafting of documents concerning net neutrality at the EU level. The EBU also encourages its members to exchange experiences from the national level. Net neutrality is addressed as part of the EBU’s Strategic Programme on Broadcaster Internet Services. Net neutrality is seen as a key principle for public service broadcasters to support and advocate for, as it ensures their services are equally accessible by all Internet users. A large part of this activity is now evolving into AI.

Cybercrime and network security

The EBU has developed a Strategic Programme on Media Cyber Security, aimed mainly at raising awareness among its members of the increasing cybersecurity risks and threats to broadcasting. This initiative also provides a platform for its members to exchange information on security incidents (e.g. phishing campaigns, targeted malware attacks, etc.), as well as on lessons learnt, projects, and internal procedures. A dedicated working group is focused on defining information security best practices for broadcast companies. The EBU organises an annual Media Cybersecurity Forum, which brings together manufacturers, service providers, and media companies to discuss security issues in the media domain.

Convergence and OTT

In an environment increasingly characterised by digital convergence, the EBU is working on identifying viable investment solutions for over-the-top (OTT) services. The organisation has a Digital Media Steering Committee, focused on ‘defining the role of public service media in the digital era, with a special focus on how to interact with big digital companies.’ It also develops a bi-annual roadmap for technology and innovation activities and has a dedicated Project Group on OTT services.

In addition, there is an intersectoral group composed by EBU’s members and its staff that exchanges best practices for relations between Internet platforms and broadcasters.

During the COVID-19 crisis, a co-ordinated effort by the technical distribution experts of the EBU and its members monitored the state of the global broadband network to help avoid surcharges due to the increased consumption of on-demand programmes.

Capacity development

Most of the EBU’s activities are aimed at increasing the capacity of its members to address challenges and embrace opportunities brought about by the digital age. To that end, through its Digital Transformation Initiative, the EBU has developed a number of member support services, such as its expert community network that gathers over 200 experts from across its membership, and a digital knowledge hub with a repository of analyses and best practices. The EBU also offers a wide range of workshops and other sessions aimed at creating awareness about the digital transformation of the public service media, developing peer-to-peer assessment of members’ digital maturity, and initiating tailored interventions based on members’ needs.